Falls often lead to hospitalizations, beginning the downward spiral that can result in long-term disability or death. The 65+ population is increasing rapidly and are at risk for injuries related to falls.. In 2005, charges for fall injuries in NYS residents age 65+ were almost $1.5 billion for hospitalizations and over $100 million for emergency department visits.
Personal risk factors Age (risk is greatest for 65+) include
- Gender (females more likely to be injured/males more likely to die)
- Race (death rates highest among older white males)
- History of falling
- Lower body weakness
- Poor gait or balance
- Vision impairment
- Chronic Conditions (Parkinson’s disease, stroke, arthritis, osteoporosis, incontinence)
- Sleep disturbances
- Fear of falling
- Taking four or more medications
- Taking psychoactive medication
Environmental risk factors include:
- Clutter in walkways or on stairs
- Electrical cords that cross pathways
- Throw rugs; loose carpets
- Slippery surfaces; changes in floor/steps
- Unstable furniture
- Poor or inadequate lighting
- Inappropriate chair or cabinet heights
- Pets and pet-related objects
- Lack of stair railings of grab bars
- Uneven/cracked pavement or surfaces
- Tree roots
- Building mats
- Door sills
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